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ParallelGC 日志详解

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jvm 启动参数

java_opts = "-xms4g -xmx4g -xmn2g -xx:metaspacesize=512m -xx:maxmetaspacesize=512m -xx:+useparallelgc -xx:+printgcdetails -xloggc:/home/gc.log -xx:+printgcdatestamps -xx:+printgctimestamps -xx:+printheapatgc"

jvm 启动参数的设定

  • -xx:+printgcdetails: 输出 gc 的详细信息,包括每次垃圾回收后堆内存的使用情况和回收前后的状态。
  • -xloggc:/home/gc.log: 将 gc 日志保存到文件 /home/gc.log 中,而不是输出到控制台。这样可以在应用程序运行后分析日志。
  • -xx:+printgcdatestamps: 为每次 gc 日志记录添加日期戳,方便查看垃圾回收发生的时间。
  • -xx:+printgctimestamps: 为每次 gc 日志添加 jvm 启动后经过的时间,以秒为单位。
  • -xx:+printheapatgc: 打印垃圾回收前后堆的详细状态,包括各代(年轻代、老年代、元空间)的内存分配情况。
  • -xx:+useparallelgc: 使用 parallel gc(并行垃圾回收器),通过多线程并行执行垃圾回收来提高性能。

gc日志片段

openjdk 64-bit server vm (25.342-b07) for linux-amd64 jre (1.8.0_342-b07), built on jul 16 2022 09:19:19 by "openjdk" with gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (red hat 4.4.7-23)
memory: 4k page, physical 8388608k(8386904k free), swap 0k(0k free)
commandline flags: -xx:compressedclassspacesize=528482304 -xx:initialheapsize=4294967296 -xx:maxheapsize=4294967296 -xx:maxmetaspacesize=536870912 -xx:maxnewsize=2147483648 -xx:metaspacesize=536870912 -xx:newsize=2147483648 -xx:+printgc -xx:+printgcdatestamps -xx:+printgcdetails -xx:+printgctimestamps -xx:+printheapatgc -xx:+usecompressedclasspointers -xx:+usecompressedoops -xx:+useparallelgc

2024-09-24t10:43:44.094+0800: 21.703: total time for which application threads were stopped: 0.0015655 seconds, stopping threads took: 0.0000978 seconds
{heap before gc invocations=11 (full 0):
 psyounggen      total 1494528k, used 1466389k [0x0000000790800000, 0x00000007f0800000, 0x00000007f0800000)
  eden space 1414656k, 100% used [0x0000000790800000,0x00000007e6d80000,0x00000007e6d80000)
  from space 79872k, 64% used [0x00000007eba00000,0x00000007eec85748,0x00000007f0800000)
  to   space 78336k, 0% used [0x00000007e6d80000,0x00000007e6d80000,0x00000007eba00000)
 paroldgen       total 2621440k, used 72408k [0x00000006f0800000, 0x0000000790800000, 0x0000000790800000)
  object space 2621440k, 2% used [0x00000006f0800000,0x00000006f4eb60e0,0x0000000790800000)
 metaspace       used 114761k, capacity 120350k, committed 120576k, reserved 1155072k
  class space    used 13324k, capacity 14260k, committed 14336k, reserved 1048576k
2024-09-24t10:43:44.149+0800: 21.759: [gc (allocation failure) [psyounggen: 1466389k->41915k(1492992k)] 1538798k->152295k(4114432k), 0.0591035 secs] [times: user=0.16 sys=0.01, real=0.06 secs]
heap after gc invocations=11 (full 0):
 psyounggen      total 1492992k, used 41915k [0x0000000790800000, 0x00000007f0800000, 0x00000007f0800000)
  eden space 1414656k, 0% used [0x0000000790800000,0x0000000790800000,0x00000007e6d80000)
  from space 78336k, 53% used [0x00000007e6d80000,0x00000007e966ee58,0x00000007eba00000)
  to   space 78336k, 0% used [0x00000007ebb80000,0x00000007ebb80000,0x00000007f0800000)
 paroldgen       total 2621440k, used 110380k [0x00000006f0800000, 0x0000000790800000, 0x0000000790800000)
  object space 2621440k, 4% used [0x00000006f0800000,0x00000006f73cb088,0x0000000790800000)
 metaspace       used 114761k, capacity 120350k, committed 120576k, reserved 1155072k
  class space    used 13324k, capacity 14260k, committed 14336k, reserved 1048576k
}
2024-09-24t10:43:44.209+0800: 21.818: total time for which application threads were stopped: 0.0593724 seconds, stopping threads took: 0.0000333 seconds


{heap before gc invocations=906 (full 2):
 psyounggen      total 2065920k, used 2041627k [0x0000000760800000, 0x00000007e0800000, 0x00000007e0800000)
  eden space 2034688k, 100% used [0x0000000760800000,0x00000007dcb00000,0x00000007dcb00000)
  from space 31232k, 22% used [0x00000007de980000,0x00000007df046e10,0x00000007e0800000)
  to   space 31232k, 0% used [0x00000007dcb00000,0x00000007dcb00000,0x00000007de980000)
 paroldgen       total 2097152k, used 2080736k [0x00000006e0800000, 0x0000000760800000, 0x0000000760800000)
  object space 2097152k, 99% used [0x00000006e0800000,0x000000075f7f8060,0x0000000760800000)
 metaspace       used 176015k, capacity 189742k, committed 191104k, reserved 1218560k
  class space    used 19024k, capacity 21351k, committed 21632k, reserved 1048576k
2024-09-24t14:14:45.047+0800: 11571.644: [gc (allocation failure) [psyounggen: 2041627k->26414k(2061312k)] 4122363k->2109278k(4158464k), 0.0208053 secs] [times: user=0.07 sys=0.00, real=0.02 secs]
heap after gc invocations=906 (full 2):
 psyounggen      total 2061312k, used 26414k [0x0000000760800000, 0x00000007e0800000, 0x00000007e0800000)
  eden space 2034688k, 0% used [0x0000000760800000,0x0000000760800000,0x00000007dcb00000)
  from space 26624k, 99% used [0x00000007dcb00000,0x00000007de4cba70,0x00000007de500000)
  to   space 33792k, 0% used [0x00000007de700000,0x00000007de700000,0x00000007e0800000)
 paroldgen       total 2097152k, used 2082863k [0x00000006e0800000, 0x0000000760800000, 0x0000000760800000)
  object space 2097152k, 99% used [0x00000006e0800000,0x000000075fa0be58,0x0000000760800000)
 metaspace       used 176015k, capacity 189742k, committed 191104k, reserved 1218560k
  class space    used 19024k, capacity 21351k, committed 21632k, reserved 1048576k
}
{heap before gc invocations=907 (full 3):
 psyounggen      total 2061312k, used 26414k [0x0000000760800000, 0x00000007e0800000, 0x00000007e0800000)
  eden space 2034688k, 0% used [0x0000000760800000,0x0000000760800000,0x00000007dcb00000)
  from space 26624k, 99% used [0x00000007dcb00000,0x00000007de4cba70,0x00000007de500000)
  to   space 33792k, 0% used [0x00000007de700000,0x00000007de700000,0x00000007e0800000)
 paroldgen       total 2097152k, used 2082863k [0x00000006e0800000, 0x0000000760800000, 0x0000000760800000)
  object space 2097152k, 99% used [0x00000006e0800000,0x000000075fa0be58,0x0000000760800000)
 metaspace       used 176015k, capacity 189742k, committed 191104k, reserved 1218560k
  class space    used 19024k, capacity 21351k, committed 21632k, reserved 1048576k
2024-09-24t14:14:45.068+0800: 11571.665: [full gc (ergonomics) [psyounggen: 26414k->0k(2061312k)] [paroldgen: 2082863k->300700k(2097152k)] 2109278k->300700k(4158464k), [metaspace: 176015k->174750k(1218560k)], 0.6404574 secs] [times: user=1.88 sys=0.00, real=0.64 secs]
heap after gc invocations=907 (full 3):
 psyounggen      total 2061312k, used 0k [0x0000000760800000, 0x00000007e0800000, 0x00000007e0800000)
  eden space 2034688k, 0% used [0x0000000760800000,0x0000000760800000,0x00000007dcb00000)
  from space 26624k, 0% used [0x00000007dcb00000,0x00000007dcb00000,0x00000007de500000)
  to   space 33792k, 0% used [0x00000007de700000,0x00000007de700000,0x00000007e0800000)
 paroldgen       total 2097152k, used 300700k [0x00000006e0800000, 0x0000000760800000, 0x0000000760800000)
  object space 2097152k, 14% used [0x00000006e0800000,0x00000006f2da7140,0x0000000760800000)
 metaspace       used 174750k, capacity 187618k, committed 191104k, reserved 1218560k
  class space    used 18827k, capacity 20997k, committed 21632k, reserved 1048576k
}

应用程序的暂停时间

在 gc 过程中,应用程序的所有线程都会被暂停,这称为 "stop-the-world"(stw)事件。暂停时间直接影响应用的性能和响应速度。

日志示例:

2024-09-24t10:43:44.094+0800: 21.703: total time for which application threads were stopped: 0.0015655 seconds, stopping threads took: 0.0000978 seconds

total time for which application threads were stopped:

  • 应用程序线程被暂停的总时间,这里是 0.0015655 秒(约 1.57 毫秒)。

stopping threads took:

  • 暂停线程所花费的时间,这里是 0.0000978 秒(约 0.098 毫秒)。

gc(minor gc)

日志示例

2024-09-24t10:43:44.149+0800: 21.759: [gc (allocation failure) [psyounggen: 1466389k->41915k(1492992k)] 1538798k->152295k(4114432k), 0.0591035 secs]
  • gc 类型:minor gc,因内存分配失败(allocation failure)触发。
  • 年轻代变化:从 1466389k 降至 41915k,总容量 1492992k。
  • 堆内存总变化:从 1538798k 降至 152295k,总容量 4114432k。
  • 耗时:0.0591035 秒(约 59 毫秒)。

full gc

日志示例:

2024-09-24t14:14:45.068+0800: 11571.665: [full gc (ergonomics) [psyounggen: 26414k->0k(2061312k)] [paroldgen: 2082863k->300700k(2097152k)] 2109278k->300700k(4158464k), [metaspace: 176015k->174750k(1218560k)], 0.6404574 secs]
  • gc 类型:full gc,触发原因是 jvm 自适应机制(ergonomics)。
  • 年轻代变化:从 26414k 降至 0k,表示年轻代已完全回收。
  • 老年代变化:从 2082863k 降至 300700k,释放了大量内存。
  • 堆内存总变化:从 2109278k 降至 300700k,总容量 4158464k。
  • metaspace 变化:从 176015k 降至 174750k。
  • 耗时:0.6404574 秒(约 640 毫秒)。

堆内存的详细状态

由于使用了 -xx:+printheapatgc 参数,gc 日志中会在每次 gc 前后打印堆内存的详细状态,包括各内存区域的容量和使用情况。

日志示例:

Heap before GC invocations=11 (full 0):
 PSYoungGen      total 1494528K, used 1466389K [0x0000000790800000, 0x00000007f0800000, 0x00000007f0800000)
  eden space 1414656K, 100% used [0x0000000790800000,0x00000007e6d80000,0x00000007e6d80000)
  from space 79872K, 64% used [0x00000007eba00000,0x00000007eec85748,0x00000007f0800000)
  to   space 78336K, 0% used [0x00000007e6d80000,0x00000007e6d80000,0x00000007eba00000)
 ParOldGen       total 2621440K, used 72408K [0x00000006f0800000, 0x0000000790800000, 0x0000000790800000)
  object space 2621440K, 2% used [0x00000006f0800000,0x00000006f4eb60e0,0x0000000790800000)
 Metaspace       used 114761K, capacity 120350K, committed 120576K, reserved 1155072K
  class space    used 13324K, capacity 14260K, committed 14336K, reserved 1048576K
  • psyounggen(年轻代):

    • total(总容量):1494528k。
    • used(已使用):1466389k。
    • eden space(eden 区):容量 1414656k,使用率 100%。
    • from space(survivor 区):容量 79872k,使用率 64%。
    • to space(survivor 区):容量 78336k,未使用。
  • paroldgen(老年代):

    • total(总容量):2621440k。
    • used(已使用):72408k,使用率约 2%。
  • metaspace(元空间):

    • used(已使用):114761k。
    • capacity(容量):120350k。

jvm 启动参数和 gc 日志的对应关系

由于手动设置了 jvm 启动参数,gc 日志中包含了更详细的信息,这些信息有助于深入分析:

  • 内存分配和使用情况:

    • 通过 -xx:+printheapatgc,可以查看每次 gc 前后的堆内存状态,了解各区域的内存分配和使用率。
  • 时间戳信息:

    • -xx:+printgcdatestamps 和 -xx:+printgctimestamps 提供了精确的时间信息,便于分析 gc 事件的时间点和间隔。
  • gc 事件的详细信息:

    • -xx:+printgcdetails 输出了 gc 事件的类型、触发原因、内存回收情况和耗时等详细信息。

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