异步/等待
与 promise 相比,async/await 是一种更新的异步代码编写方式。 async/await 的主要优点是提高了可读性并避免了承诺链。 promise 可能会变得很长、难以阅读,并且可能包含难以调试的深层嵌套回调。
例子
回想一下我们之前的获取。
fetch('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1') .then(response => response.json()) .then(data => console.log(data)) .catch(error => console.error('error:', error)) .finally(() => console.log('all done'));
使用 async/await,代码可以重构为如下所示:
async function fetchdata() { try { const response = await fetch('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1'); const data = await response.json(); console.log(data); } catch (error) { console.error('error:', error); } finally { console.log('all done'); } } fetchdata();
虽然可能多了几行代码,但这个版本更容易阅读,因为它类似于普通的同步函数。此外,如果 .then() 语句内的函数更复杂,则可读性和可调试性将受到更大的影响。 async/await 示例更加清晰。
示例 2:从餐厅订餐
async/await 的结构
async/await 函数有两个基本部分:async 和await。 async 关键字加在函数声明前,await 用于异步任务开始时。
让我们以从餐厅点餐的例子来说明这一点:
// simulate the order process with async/await async function foodorder() { console.log("ordering food..."); await new promise(resolve => settimeout(resolve, 2000)); // wait 2 seconds for food to be prepared return "your food is ready!"; } // simulate the eating process function eatfood(order) { console.log(order); // this logs "your food is ready!" console.log("enjoying the meal!"); } // simulate continuing the conversation function continueconversation() { console.log("while waiting, you continue chatting with friends..."); } async function orderfood() { console.log("you've arrived at the restaurant."); const order = await foodorder(); // place the order and wait for it to be ready continueconversation(); // chat while waiting eatfood(order); // eat the food once it arrives } orderfood();
输出将是
You've arrived at the restaurant. Ordering food... While waiting, you continue chatting with friends... Your food is ready! Enjoying the meal!
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